Beyond Doctrine and Dogma

Beyond doctrine and dogma: one gene--multisystem effects.

Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants—Beyond the Dogma

Descriptions of endocrine disruption have largely been associated with wildlife and driven by observations documenting estrogenic, androgenic, antiandrogenic, and antithyroid actions. These actions, in response to exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of various environmental contaminants, have now been established in numerous vertebrate species. However, many potential mechanisms an...

IκBα beyond the NF-kB dogma

The NF-κB pathway participates in a myriad of processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and regulation of the immune response. In mammals there are five NF-κB proteins: p65/RelA, p50, RelB, cRel and p52. All these proteins can form dimers to generate more than a dozen of possible combinations. Different NF-κB dimers bind the DNA at specific κB sites, acting as activator...

Sexual Differentiation of the Rodent Brain: Dogma and Beyond

Steroid hormones of gonadal origin act on the neonatal brain to produce sex differences that underlie adult reproductive physiology and behavior. Neuronal sex differences occur on a variety of levels, including differences in regional volume and/or cell number, morphology, physiology, molecular signaling, and gene expression. In the rodent, many of these sex differences are determined by steroi...

Beyond the Dogma of the Fixed Book Price Agreement

After describing the essential features of the book market, a welfare analysis of the fixed book price agreement is given. Allowance is made for the opportunity cost of reading. Theoretically, such an agreement pushes up book prices and depresses book sales. However, more titles will be published, particularly books with low price elasticity and those that take a long time to read. Potential ad...